Tramadol hydrochloride

The mode of action of tramadol has yet to be fully elucidated, but it is believed to work Tramadol through modulation of the GABAergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic Tramadol systems. The contribution of non-opioid activity is demonstrated by the analgesic effects of tramadol not being fully antagonised by the μ-opioid Tramadol receptor antagonist