tramadol
All about tramadol effect!

Tramadol undergoes heratic metabolism via the Tramadol isozyme Tramadol, being O- and N-demethylated to 5 different metabolites. Of these, M1 is the most significant since it has 200 times the μ-affinity of (+)-tramadol, and furthermore has an hydrochloride elimination half-life of 9 hours hydrochloride compared to 6 hours for tramadol itself. In the 6% of the population who have slow CYP2D6 activity, there is therefore a slightly reduced hydrochloride

Tramadol hydrochloride

The mode of action of tramadol has yet to be fully elucidated, but it is believed to work Tramadol through modulation of the GABAergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic Tramadol systems. The contribution of non-opioid activity is demonstrated by the analgesic effects of tramadol not being fully antagonised by the μ-opioid Tramadol receptor antagonist